Witness Protection (Western Australia) Act 1996 (WA)

Western Australia Witness Protection (Western Australia) Act 1996 Western Australia Witness Protection (Western Australia) Act 1996 Contents Part 1 — Preliminary 1. Short title 2 2. Commencement 2 3. Terms and abbreviation used in this Act 2 4. Meaning of "witness" 5 Part 2 — State Witness Protection Program Division 1 — Establishment 5. Commissioner to establish SWPP 6 6. Arrangements with approved authorities 6 7. Authorisation of approved authorities 7 Division 2 — Including witnesses in the SWPP 8. Commissioner to decide who is included 7 9. Inclusion not to be a reward for giving evidence etc. 8 10. Witness to provide Commissioner with information before inclusion 8 11. Memorandum of understanding 9 12. Amending a memorandum of understanding 11 Division 3 — Register of participants 13. Commissioner to keep register 12 14. Access to the register 13 Division 4 — Protecting and assisting witnesses and participants 15. Commissioner must take action to protect etc. 14 16. Action as to obligations etc. of a participant 15 17. Commercial arrangements for benefit of participant 16 18. Identity documents in urgent cases 16 Division 5 — New identity orders 19. Terms used in this Division 18 20. Application to Supreme Court 19 21. Supreme Court may make order 19 22A. Effect of new identity order 20 22. Supreme Court may order former identity to be restored 20 23. Proceedings to be in private 21 24. Effect of actions done under order 21 Division 6 — Terminating protection and assistance 25. Commissioner may terminate protection 21 26. Restoring a former identity 23 Part 3 — Secrecy and disclosure Division 1 — General 27. Duty not to disclose 24 28. Disclosure of information cannot be compelled 24 29. Disclosing information to approved authorities 25 32. Certain disclosures to court to be in private 26 Division 2 — Evidence by participants Subdivision 1 — Terms used 33. Terms used 27 Subdivision 2 — Non-disclosure certificates for protected persons 34A. Non‑disclosure certificates 29 34B. What non‑disclosure certificate must state 30 Subdivision 3 — Provisions applicable to court proceedings 34CA. Application of Subdivision 30 34C. Effect of non‑disclosure certificate 30 34D. Disclosure of protected person's identity despite certificate 32 34E. Directions to jury 34 34F. Adjournment for appeal decision 34 34G. Jurisdiction to hear and determine appeals 35 34H. Recognition of non‑disclosure certificates under corresponding laws 35 Subdivision 4 — Provisions applicable to parliamentary proceedings 34I. Application of Subdivision 36 34J. Effect of non-disclosure certificate 36 34K. Disclosure of protected person's identity despite certificate 37 34L. Restrictions on content of reports to Parliament 38 Division 3 — Miscellaneous 34. Disclosure by Auditor General, Parliamentary Commissioner or Corruption and Crime Commission 39 Part 4 — Miscellaneous 35. Offences 40 36. Delegation 41 37. Reporting on the SWPP 41 38. Protection from liability for wrongdoing 42 39. Regulations 42 Part 5 — Transitional and savings provisions 40. Transitional 43 41. Savings provision relating to Criminal Investigation (Covert Powers) Act 2012 43 Notes Compilation table 44 Other notes 45 Defined terms Western Australia Witness Protection (Western Australia) Act 1996 An Act to establish a program to give protection and assistance to certain witnesses and other persons and for related purposes. Part 1 — Preliminary 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Witness Protection (Western Australia) Act 1996. 2. Commencement (1) Subject to subsection (2), this Act comes into operation on such day as is fixed by proclamation. (2) If the Sentence Administration Act 1995 1 has not been assented to when this Act comes into operation, clause 2 of Schedule 1 comes into operation immediately after that Act is assented to. 3. Terms and abbreviation used in this Act (1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears — approved authority means — (a) the Commissioner of the Australian Federal Police; (b) the Commissioner (however designated) of the police force of another State or a Territory; (c) the Chair of the Board of the Australian Crime Commission established by the Australian Crime Commission Act 2002 of the Commonwealth; (d) an authority or body of this State, the Commonwealth, another State or a Territory that — (i) is authorised to conduct inquiries or investigations in relation to conduct that constitutes, or is alleged to constitute, criminal conduct, misconduct or corruption; and (ii) is declared by the Minister to be an approved authority for the purposes of this Act; Commissioner means the Commissioner of Police appointed under the Police Act 1892; Commonwealth Act means the Witness Protection Act 1994 of the Commonwealth; complementary witness protection law means — (a) the Commonwealth Act; (b) a law of another State or a Territory that — (i) makes provision for the protection of witnesses; and (ii) is declared by the Minister to be a complementary witness protection law; Corruption and Crime Commission has the meaning given to "Commission" in section 3 of the Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003; court includes — (a) a tribunal or other body established or continued under a written law and having a power to obtain evidence or information; (b) a Royal Commission established under the Royal Commissions Act 1968; (c) a commission, board, committee or other body established by the Governor or by either or both Houses of Parliament or by or the Government of the State to inquire into any matter; designated position means an office in the Police Force of this State, the duties of which relate to the SWPP, that has been declared in writing by the Commissioner to be a designated position for the purposes of this Act; officer of the Corruption and Crime Commission has the meaning given to "officer of the Commission" in section 3 of the Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003; Parliamentary Commissioner means the person holding or acting in the office of the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administrative Investigations under the Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1971; participant means a person who is included in the SWPP; prescribed authority means a person — (a) that under a written law is empowered to grant or issue a document (such as a licence, permit, certificate, authority, approval or exemption), or to keep a record or register of information; and (b) that is prescribed by the regulations as a prescribed authority, other than the Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages; prescribed register means any record or register of information required to be kept under a written law and prescribed by the regulations as a prescribed register, other than the register of births required to be kept under the Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act 1998; State Witness Protection Program ("SWPP") means the State Witness Protection Program established by this Act; witness is defined in section 4; witness protection program means — (a) the SWPP; or (b) a witness protection program established under a complementary witness protection law. (2) In this Act this abbreviation is used: SWPP for State Witness Protection Program. (3) The Minister, by notice published in the Gazette, may make, amend or cancel declarations for the purposes of the definitions of "approved authority", "complementary witness protection law" and "witness". [Section 3 amended: No. 40 of 1998 s. 18(2); No. 48 of 2003 s. 62 and Sch. 3 2 cl. 11; No. 4 of 2004 s. 58; No. 74 of 2004 s. 75; No. 8 of 2008 s. 22 and 23(9); No. 35 of 2014 s. 39.] 4. Meaning of "witness" (1) For the purposes of this Act, unless the contrary intention appears, a person is a witness if he or she — (a) has given, or has agreed to give, evidence on behalf of the Crown in right of this State, the Commonwealth, another State or a Territory in — (i) proceedings for an offence; or (ii) hearings or proceedings before a body that is declared by the Minister to be a body to which this paragraph applies; (b) has given, or has agreed to give, evidence otherwise than as mentioned in paragraph (a) in relation to the commission of an offence against a law of this State, the Commonwealth, another State or a Territory; or (c) has made a statement to a police officer of this State or to an approved authority in relation to an offence against the law of the Commonwealth, another State or a Territory, and if, as a result, in the opinion of the Commissioner, there is a risk to the person's safety or welfare. (2) For the purposes of this Act, unless the contrary intention appears, a person is a witness if, in the opinion of the Commissioner, there is a risk to the safety or welfare of the person for any reason other than those stated in subsection (1). (3) For the purposes of this Act, unless the contrary intention appears, a person is a witness if he or she is related to or associated with a person referred to in subsection (1) or (2) and, in the opinion of the Commissioner, may require protection or assistance under the SWPP because of that relationship or association. Part 2 — State Witness Protection Program Division 1 — Establishment 5. Commissioner to establish SWPP (1) The Commissioner is to establish and maintain a program, to be known as the "State Witness Protection Program" (SWPP), under which the Commissioner, and police officers holding designated positions, arrange or provide protection and other assistance for witnesses. (2) That protection and assistance may include things done as a result of functions conferred on the Commissioner under a complementary witness protection law. 6. Arrangements with approved authorities (1) The Commissioner may make arrangements with an approved authority about any matter in connection with the administration of a complementary witness protection law. (2) Without limiting the coverage of those arrangements, those arrangements — (a) may provide for the Commissioner or a police officer to perform functions conferred by a complementary witness protection law; (b) must include procedures under which the approved authority shares with the State the costs incurred in performing those functions under those arrangements; (c) may provide for the approved authority to make available to the Commissioner such statements, transcripts of evidence and other information as will assist the Commissioner in deciding — (i) whether to include a witness in the SWPP; and (ii) what protection and assistance is appropriate for a participant; and (d) may confer functions under complementary witness protection laws on the Commissioner. (3) The Commissioner is not to exercise any function conferred by such an arrangement unless this Act would authorise the exercise of that function in respect of the SWPP. 7. Authorisation of approved authorities (1) The Minister, by notice published in the Gazette, may authorise an approved authority to perform functions conferred on the Commissioner under this Act for the purposes of any arrangement entered into by the Commissioner under section 6 or the corresponding provision of a complementary witness protection law. (2) The Minister, by notice published in the Gazette, may amend or cancel such an authorisation. Division 2 — Including witnesses in the SWPP 8. Commissioner to decide who is included (1) The Commissioner has the sole responsibility of deciding whether to include a witness in the SWPP, including cases where an approved authority has requested that a witness be included in the SWPP. (2) A witness may be included in the SWPP only if — (a) the Commissioner has decided the witness needs protection and assistance of the kind able to be provided under the SWPP; (b) the witness agrees to be included; and (c) a memorandum of understanding is entered into by or on behalf of the witness in accordance with section 11. (3) In deciding whether to include a witness in the SWPP, the Commissioner must have regard to — (a) whether the witness has a criminal record, particularly in respect of crimes of violence, and whether that record indicates a risk to the public if the witness is included in the SWPP; (b) any psychological or psychiatric examination or evaluation that has been conducted to determine the witness's suitability for inclusion in the SWPP; (c) the seriousness of the offence to which any relevant evidence or statement relates; (d) the nature and importance of any relevant evidence or statement; (e) whether there are viable alternative methods of protecting the witness; (f) the nature of the perceived danger to the witness; and (g) the nature of the witness's relationship to other witnesses being assessed for inclusion in the SWPP, and may have regard to any other matters the Commissioner considers relevant. (4) The Commissioner must not include a witness in the SWPP if the Commissioner does not, in the Commissioner's opinion, have enough information to assess the matters referred to in subsection (3) in relation to the witness. 9. Inclusion not to be a reward for giving evidence etc. A witness is not to be included in the SWPP as a reward or as a means of persuading or encouraging the witness to give evidence or make a statement. 10. Witness to provide Commissioner with information before inclusion (1) The Commissioner must not include a witness in the SWPP unless the Commissioner is satisfied that the witness has provided the Commissioner with all information necessary for the Commissioner to assess the matters in section 8(3) and to decide whether the witness should be included. (2) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), regulations may prescribe the information to be provided by a witness to the Commissioner. (3) For the purpose of assessing whether the witness should be included in the SWPP, the Commissioner may — (a) require the witness to undergo — (i) medical tests or examinations; or (ii) psychological or psychiatric examinations, and to make the results available to the Commissioner; or (b) make any other inquiries and investigations that the Commissioner considers necessary. 11. Memorandum of understanding (1) A memorandum of understanding must — (a) set out the basis on which a participant is included in the SWPP and details of the protection and assistance that is to be provided; (b) set out the effect of section 25(1) and (2); and (c) contain a statement advising the participant of his or her right to complain to the Corruption and Crime Commission or the Parliamentary Commissioner about the conduct of the Commissioner or a police officer in relation to the SWPP. (2) A memorandum of understanding in relation to a participant may also contain — (a) the terms and conditions on which protection and assistance are to be provided to the participant; (b) requirements that the participant must not engage in activities of a kind specified in the memorandum of understanding; (c) an agreement by or on behalf of the participant not to compromise, directly or indirectly, the security of, or any other aspect of, the protection and assistance being provided; (d) an agreement by or on behalf of the participant that the participant will comply with all reasonable directions of the Commissioner in relation to the protection and assistance provided to the participant; (e) an agreement by or on behalf of the participant that the participant will, if required to do so by the Commissioner — (i) undergo medical, psychological or psychiatric tests or examinations and make the results available to the Commissioner; (ii) undergo counselling or treatment for alcohol or drug abuse; (iii) allow prints of his or her fingers and palms to be taken; or (iv) allow photographs to be taken of himself or herself; (f) a list of — (i) the outstanding legal obligations (including family maintenance obligations and taxation obligations) of the participant; and (ii) any other obligations of the participant, and an agreement by or on behalf of the participant as to how those obligations are to be met; (g) details of any financial assistance to be given to the participant; and (h) an agreement by or on behalf of the participant that the participant will disclose to the Commissioner details of any criminal charges that are made against, and any civil or bankruptcy proceedings that are made in relation to, the participant after the participant is included in the SWPP. (3) A memorandum of understanding must be signed by the witness or — (a) if the witness is under 18 years old — on behalf of the witness by a parent or guardian of the witness; or (b) if the witness otherwise lacks legal capacity to sign such a memorandum — on behalf of the witness by a guardian or other person who is usually responsible for the care and control of the witness. (4) A memorandum of understanding must be signed by or on behalf of the witness in the presence of a police officer who holds a designated position. (5) A witness becomes included in the SWPP when the Commissioner signs the memorandum of understanding. (6) The Commissioner must, as soon as practicable after signing a memorandum of understanding, notify the relevant participant that it has been signed. (7) If — (a) a parent or guardian of a witness signs a memorandum of understanding because the witness was under 18 years old; and (b) the witness is included in the SWPP and remains a participant until after he or she turns 18, the Commissioner may require the participant to sign another memorandum of understanding. [Section 11 amended: No. 48 of 2003 s. 62 and Sch. 3 2 cl. 11.] 12. Amending a memorandum of understanding (1) A memorandum of understanding may be amended with the consent of the participant and the Commissioner. (2) An amendment must not have the effect of removing from the memorandum of understanding the provisions referred to in section 11(1). Division 3 — Register of participants 13. Commissioner to keep register (1) The Commissioner must keep a register of participants. (2) The register may be kept on a computer. (3) The Commissioner must include these details in the register in respect of each participant: (a) the participant's name; (b) if the participant has been given a new identity under the SWPP (whether by means of a court order under Division 5 or otherwise) — the participant's new name; (c) the participant's address; (d) details of any offences of which the participant has been convicted; (e) the date on which the person ceases to be a participant. (4) The Commissioner must keep in conjunction with the register — (a) the original of each memorandum of understanding; (b) a copy of every document issued in respect of a participant pursuant to a court order under Division 5; (c) the original of each permit given by the Commissioner under section 33; and (d) any document returned to the Commissioner under section 18(5) or pursuant to an order made under section 22. 14. Access to the register (1) Subject to this section, only the Commissioner and those police officers holding designated positions who are authorised by the Commissioner, may have access to the register and to documents kept in conjunction with it. (2) The Commissioner must permit the Auditor General, or a person appointed by the Auditor General under section 29 of the Auditor General Act 2006, to have access to any part of the register, and to any documents kept in conjunction with it, that are relevant to an audit or investigation under that Act. (2a) The Commissioner must permit the Corruption and Crime Commission, or an officer of the Corruption and Crime Commission, to have access to any part of the register, and to any documents kept in conjunction with it, that are relevant to an investigation under the Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003. (3) The Commissioner must permit the Parliamentary Commissioner, or a delegate of the Parliamentary Commissioner under section 11 of the Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1971, to have access to any part of the register, and to any documents kept in conjunction with it, that are relevant to an investigation under that Act. (4) The Commissioner must permit a person who is or was a participant to have access to that part of the register, and to any documents kept in conjunction with it, that relate to the person. (5) If the Commissioner is of the opinion that it is in the interests of the administration of justice to do so, he or she may permit another person to have access to the register or part of the register or to some or all of the documents kept in conjunction with it. (6) If the Commissioner permits another person to have access under subsection (5), the Commissioner must notify the relevant approved authority (if any) of — (a) the name of the person so permitted; (b) the information the person was given access to; and (c) the reasons for permitting access. (7) A person who gains access to the register or to any document kept in conjunction with it without the authorisation or permission of the Commissioner commits an offence. Penalty: Imprisonment for 3 years or a fine of $12 000. [Section 14 amended: No. 48 of 2003 s. 62 and Sch. 3 2 cl. 11; No. 77 of 2006 s. 17; No. 35 of 2014 s. 39.] Division 4 — Protecting and assisting witnesses and participants 15. Commissioner must take action to protect etc. (1) If a witness is included in the SWPP, or is being assessed for inclusion in the SWPP, the Commissioner must take such action as the Commissioner considers necessary and reasonable to protect the witness's safety and welfare while also protecting the safety of police officers. (2) That action may include — (a) permitting police officers holding designated positions to use assumed names in carrying out their duties in relation to the SWPP and to carry documentation supporting those assumed names; (b) relocating the witness; (c) providing accommodation for the witness; (d) providing transport for the witness's property; (e) providing payments to the witness for the purpose of meeting the reasonable living expenses of the witness (including, where appropriate, living expenses of any member of the witness's family who is not a witness) and providing, whether directly or indirectly, other reasonable financial assistance; (f) providing payments to the witness for the purpose of meeting costs associated with relocation; (g) providing assistance to the witness in obtaining employment or access to education; (h) providing other assistance to the witness with a view to ensuring that the witness becomes self‑sustaining; and (i) doing other things that the Commissioner considers to be necessary to ensure the safety of the witness. (3) A police officer who, with permission given under subsection (2)(a), uses an assumed name or carries documentation supporting an assumed name does not by doing so commit an offence under a written law. 16. Action as to obligations etc. of a participant (1) If a participant has any outstanding rights or obligations or is subject to any restrictions, the Commissioner must take such steps as are reasonably practical to ensure — (a) that those rights or obligations are dealt with according to law; or (b) that the participant complies with those restrictions. (2) That action may include — (a) providing protection for the participant while the participant is attending a court; or (b) notifying a party, or possible party to legal proceedings, that a police officer nominated by the Commissioner is, on behalf of the participant, to be served with any process issued by a court. (3) If the Commissioner is satisfied that a participant who has been given a new identity under the SWPP (whether under a court order or otherwise) is using the new identity to — (a) avoid obligations that were incurred before the new identity was established; or (b) avoid complying with restrictions that were imposed on the person before the new identity was established, the Commissioner must give notice in writing to the participant stating that he or she is so satisfied. (4) The notice must also state that, unless the participant satisfies the Commissioner that the obligations will be dealt with according to law or the restrictions will be complied with, the Commissioner will take such action as he or she considers necessary to ensure they are dealt with according to law or complied with. (5) That action may include informing a person who is seeking to enforce rights against the participant of the details of any property (whether real or personal) owned by the participant under his or her former identity. (6) Where notice is given under subsection (2)(b), service of any process on the nominated police officer is to be taken as good service for the purpose of any written law. 17. Commercial arrangements for benefit of participant This Act does not prevent the Commissioner from making commercial arrangements with a person under which a participant is able to obtain benefits under a contract or arrangement without revealing his or her former identity. 18. Identity documents in urgent cases (1) If the Commissioner is of the opinion that — (a) in order to protect the safety and welfare of a person who is a participant, or a witness being assessed for inclusion in the SWPP, documents showing a new identity for the person are needed urgently for a limited time; and (b) there is insufficient time within which to obtain a new identity for the person by means of a registration of change of name under Part 5 of the Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act 1998 or a new identity order under Division 5, the Commissioner, by a written notice given to a prescribed authority, may request the prescribed authority to issue any documents that are reasonably necessary to show the new identity (such as a licence, permit, certificate, authority, approval or exemption) and to make any necessary entries in a prescribed register. (2) The Commissioner must not request documentation for a person that represents the person — (a) to have qualifications that the person does not have; or (b) to be entitled to benefits to which the person would not be entitled if he or she were not included in the SWPP. (3) A prescribed authority that receives a written request under subsection (1) must comply with it. (4) As soon as practicable after making a request under subsection (1), the Commissioner must either obtain a new identity for the person by means of a registration of change of name under Part 5 of the Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act 1998 or a new identity order under Division 5, or have the documents issued pursuant to the request returned. (5) At any time the Commissioner, by a written notice given to the person, may direct the person to return such documents to the Commissioner. (6) A person who receives a written notice under subsection (5) must comply with it within 7 days after receiving it. Penalty: $1 000. (7) If the Commissioner gives such a written notice the Commissioner must notify any prescribed authority that was given a request under subsection (1) accordingly and request the authority to cancel any documents issued, and any entries made in a prescribed register, pursuant to the request. (8) The issue or cancellation of a document pursuant to a request made under this section has effect as if it were validly done under the written law that provides for the issue of the document. (9) The making or cancellation of an entry in a prescribed register pursuant to a request made under this section has effect as if it were validly done under the written law that requires the register to be kept. [Section 18 amended: No. 40 of 1998 s. 18(3) and (4).] Division 5 — New identity orders 19. Terms used in this Division In this Division — new identity order, in relation to a person, means an order directing — (a) the Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages to make a new entry in the register of births kept under the Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act 1998 in respect of the person; (b) a person specified in the order, who under a written law is empowered to issue a document (such as a licence, permit, certificate, authority, approval or exemption) or to keep a record or register of information, to issue a new document in respect of the person or to make a new entry in such a record or register in respect of the person, so as to give the person a new identity. [Section 19 amended: No. 40 of 1998 s. 18(5).] 20. Application to Supreme Court (1) The Commissioner may apply to the Supreme Court for a new identity order in respect of a participant or, in accordance with section 26, for an order under section 22 in respect of a former participant. (2) An approved authority (other than an approved authority that is an authority or body of this State) may apply to the Supreme Court — (a) for a new identity order in respect of a person who is included in a witness protection program established under a complementary witness protection law; or (b) for an order under section 22 in respect of a person who has ceased to be included in such a witness protection program. 21. Supreme Court may make order (1) On an application under section 20, the Supreme Court may make a new identity order in respect of a person if the Court is satisfied — (a) that the person is a participant or a person who is included in a witness protection program established under a complementary witness protection law (as the case may be); (b) that it is necessary to change the person's identity to protect the person's safety and welfare; (c) that a change of the person's name by registration of change of name under Part 5 of the Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act 1998 or by any other lawful means would not afford adequate protection for the person's safety and welfare; and (d) that the person is likely to comply with the memorandum of understanding entered into by or on behalf of the person. (2) A new identity order may specify such persons referred to in paragraph (b) of the definition of "new identity order" as the Court thinks fit. (3) A new identity order must not direct the issuing of any document that represents the person concerned — (a) to have qualifications that the person does not have; or (b) to be entitled to benefits to which the person would not be entitled if he or she were not included in a witness protection program. (4) On making a new identity order, the Court may order the person concerned to give the Commissioner any documents relating to the person's former identity. [Section 21 amended: No. 40 of 1998 s. 18(6).] 22A. Effect of new identity order A person who has a new identity under a new identity order is entitled to claim that identity as the person's only identity if the person is required under a law of this State to disclose the person's former identity for a purpose unrelated to any proceedings. [Section 22A inserted: No. 55 of 2012 s. 127.] 22. Supreme Court may order former identity to be restored On an application under section 20 the Supreme Court may make such orders as are necessary to cancel the new identity given to a person under a new identity order, to restore the person's former identity and to secure the return to the Commissioner of any document issued in respect of the person under the new identity order. 23. Proceedings to be in private (1) All proceedings in the Supreme Court on an application under this Division must be conducted in the absence of any person not directly concerned in the proceedings. (2) Except as authorised by a judge of the Supreme Court, no person may inspect the records of proceedings in the Court on an application under this Division. 24. Effect of actions done under order (1) The making or cancellation of an entry in the register of births kept under the Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act 1998, or in any other register or record, pursuant to a new identity order or an order under section 22 (as the case may be) has effect as if it were validly done under the written law requiring the register or record to be kept. (2) The issue or cancellation of a document under a written law pursuant to a new identity order or an order under section 22 (as the case may be) has effect as if it were validly done under that written law. [Section 24 amended: No. 40 of 1998 s. 18(7).] Division 6 — Terminating protection and assistance 25. Commissioner may terminate protection (1) Protection and assistance provided under the SWPP to a participant must be terminated by the Commissioner if the participant requests in writing that it be terminated. (2) Protection and assistance provided under the SWPP to a participant may be terminated by the Commissioner if — (a) the participant commits