The Transfer of Land Act 1893 (WA)

Western Australia Transfer of Land Act 1893 Western Australia Transfer of Land Act 1893 Contents Part IA — Preliminary 1. Short title 1 2. Repeals and savings 1 3. Application of other laws etc. and this Act 1 4. Terms used; application of Act to Crown land 1 4A. Sections of this Act that do not apply to Crown land 1 Part I — Officers 5. Commissioner of Titles 1 6. Deputy Commissioner of Titles 1 7. Registrar of Titles 1 7A. Offices of Commissioner and Registrar may be held by one person 1 8. Examiner of Titles, Assistant Registrar of Titles 1 8A. Designating statutory officers, generally 1 9. Certain signatures to be judicially noticed 1 10. Seal 1 11. Assistant Registrar's powers 1 12. Commissioner and Examiner of Titles not to practise law 1 13. Oaths of office 1 14. Commissioner and Registrar may exercise functions electronically 1 15. Delegation by Commissioner 1 15A. Delegation by Registrar 1 16. Rules relating to surveyors 1 17. Some of Minister for Lands' functions under this Act may be performed by authorised officer 1 Part II — Bringing land under the Act 20. Bringing lands alienated in fee before 1 July 1875 under this Act 1 20A. Evidence and restrictions of requisitions 1 21. How application to be dealt with when no dealing has been registered 1 22. How application to be dealt with when dealing has been registered 1 23. Notice of application to bring land under this Act and rescission of previous directions on undue delay 1 24. Person claiming title by possession to post notice of application on land 1 25. Land to be brought under this Act unless caveat received 1 26. Land occupied may be brought under this Act by different description from that in title on special application 1 27. Applications to bring land under this Act or to amend certificate may be granted as to land occupied under but not described in title deeds or certificate 1 28. Title may be given to excess of land occupied under Crown grant over land described in Crown grant 1 29. Excess of land may be apportioned between different owners or proprietors 1 30. Parties interested may lodge caveat 1 31. If caveat received, proceedings suspended 1 32. Caveat to lapse unless proceedings taken within one month 1 33. Judge may require production of title deeds in support of application to bring land under this Act 1 34. Applicant may withdraw application 1 35. Documents of title 1 36. Subsisting lease to be endorsed and returned 1 37. Additional evidence to be scheduled 1 38. Some certificates of title to issue in name of deceased person 1 39. Registration of leaseholds 1 42. Production of lease may be dispensed with on bringing land under this Act 1 43. Certain memorials to be sufficient evidence of conveyances in fee 1 45. Commissioner may direct Registrar to bring land under this Act 1 46. Title to land sold under order or decree may be deemed sufficient 1 47. Formalities of order 1 Part III — Certificates of titles and registration 48. Register 1 48A. Certificates of title 1 48B. No duplicate certificate of title to be issued 1 48C. Symbols 1 49. One certificate may be created for lands not contiguous 1 50. Area of land need not be mentioned in certificate 1 52. Registration of certificates of title and instruments 1 53. Priority of registration of instruments 1 54. Incorporation of terms etc. of certain memoranda 1 55. Trusts 1 56. Memorandum to state certain particulars 1 58. Instruments not effectual until registered 1 59. Notations as to legal disability of proprietor 1 60. Joint tenants and tenants in common 1 61. Effect of insertion of words "no survivorship" 1 62. Notice to be published before effect given to order 1 63. Certificate to be conclusive evidence of title 1 63A. Certificates may contain statement of easements 1 64. Certificate conclusive evidence as to title to easements 1 65. Short forms etc. for easements, effect of 1 65A. Memorandum of easement 1 66A. No separate certificate for easement 1 67. Certificate conclusive evidence in suit for specific performance or action for damages 1 68. Estate of registered proprietor paramount 1 69. Certain easements and conditions to be noted as encumbrances 1 70. Reversions expectant on leases 1 70A. Factors affecting use and enjoyment of land, notification on title 1 71. Single certificate may be created instead of separate ones 1 71A. Separate certificates may be created instead of single one 1 72. History of dealings to be preserved 1 74A. Substitute certificates of title 1 81. Words of inheritance or succession to be implied 1 Part IIIA — Crown leases 81A. Registration of Crown leases issued on or after 2 May 1910 1 81B. Registration of Crown leases issued before 2 May 1910 1 81C. Effect of registration 1 81D. Registration of transfer etc. 1 81E. No foreclosure without consent of Minister for Lands 1 81F. Entry of forfeiture 1 81G. Crown lessee to be deemed of full age 1 81H. Sections of this Act and land Acts that do not apply to Crown leases 1 81I. Mortgage of Crown lease to be transferred to Crown grant 1 Part IIIB — Registration and recording in relation to Crown land Division 1 — General 81J. Application of this Part 1 81K. Terms used 1 81L. Creation and registration of certificates of Crown land title and qualified certificates of Crown land title 1 81M. Lodging etc. of management orders 1 81N. Crown surveys 1 81O. No duplicate certificates of Crown land title or duplicate qualified certificates of Crown land title to be issued 1 81P. Endorsements on certificates of Crown land title and qualified certificates of Crown land title 1 81Q. Leases and subleases of Crown land, registration of 1 81R. Profits à prendre, registration of 1 81RA. Other encumbrances in respect of fee simple in Crown land 1 81S. Prerequisites to registering dealings as to Crown land 1 81T. Registered proprietors etc. protected against ejectment except in certain cases 1 Division 2 — Transitional 81U. Registrar may accept for registration signed and stamped duplicate original documents 1 81V. Minister for Lands may apply for cancellation, creation etc. of certificates of Crown land title etc. 1 81W. Procedure when applications referred to Commissioner 1 81X. Procedure on lodging of caveat under s. 81W(6) 1 81Y. Registrar's duties when applications made under s. 81V(1)(a) granted 1 81Z. Registrar's duties when applications made under s. 81V(1)(b) granted 1 81ZA. Procedure for registering interests for which no certificate of Crown land title or qualified certificate of Crown land title exists 1 81ZB. Qualified certificates of Crown land title, general matters 1 81ZC. Interests in Crown land not registered within transitional period void as against registered interests in Crown land etc. 1 81ZD. Registrar may convert Crown leases into leases registered under s. 81Q 1 Part IV — Dealings with land Division 1 — Transfers 82. Transfers 1 83. Transfer to include right to sue thereunder 1 84. Transfers may be to proprietor and others jointly etc. 1 85. Signed and registered instruments have efficacy of deeds 1 86. Registration of transfer 1 87. Total transfer by endorsement on paper title or by entering transferee's name on digital title 1 88. Transferee of encumbered land to indemnify transferor 1 88A. Memorial of easements to be registered 1 Division 2 — Leases and subleases 91. Leases 1 92. Covenants by lessee implied in leases 1 93. Lessor's powers implied in leases 1 94. Short forms of covenants by lessees 1 95. Covenant to be implied on transfer of lease 1 96. Recovery of possession by lessors to be entered in Register 1 97. Mortgagee of interest of bankrupt lessee may apply to be entered as transferee of lease and on default lessor may apply 1 98. Surrendering leases 1 99. Lessee may sublet 1 100. Registration of subleases 1 102. Provisions about leases apply to subleases 1 103. Covenants implied in subleases 1 104. Determination of lease or sublease by re‑entry to be entered in Register 1 Division 2A — Carbon rights and carbon covenants 104A. Terms used 1 104B. Registration of carbon right form 1 104C. Extension of carbon right 1 104D. Transfer of carbon right 1 104E. Mortgage of carbon right 1 104F. Surrender of carbon right 1 104G. Registration of carbon covenant form 1 104H. Extension of carbon covenant 1 104I. Variation of carbon covenant 1 104J. Transfer of benefits under carbon covenant 1 104K. Mortgage of carbon covenant 1 104L. Surrender of carbon covenant 1 Division 2B — Tree plantation agreements and plantation interests 104M. Terms used 1 104N. Registration of tree plantation agreement 1 104O. Extension of plantation interest 1 104P. Variation of agreement 1 104Q. Transfer of plantation interests 1 104R. Mortgage of plantation interests 1 104S. Surrender of plantation interests 1 Division 3 — Mortgages and annuities 105. Mortgages and charges for annuities, creating 1 105AA. Mortgages lodged electronically 1 105A. Extension of mortgage, charge or lease 1 106. Mortgage or charge not to operate as transfer; default procedures 1 107. Written demand equivalent to written notice 1 108. Power to sell in cases of continuing default 1 109. Application of purchase money 1 110. Transfer after sale by mortgagee etc., effect of 1 111. Remedies of mortgagee or annuitant in cases of default 1 112. Further remedies of mortgagee or annuitant 1 112A. Abolition of power of distress 1 113. Covenants implied in mortgages 1 114. Mortgagee or annuitant of leasehold entering into possession become liable to lessor 1 115. Short form of covenant by mortgagor to insure 1 116. Rights of mortgagees generally 1 117. Mortgagor not to sue on cause of action available to mortgagee without mortgagee's consent 1 118. Application of money obtained by mortgagor in action for waste of or damage to mortgaged lands 1 119. Mortgagee may seek court order as to money recovered by mortgagor in action 1 120. Application of moneys obtained by mortgagee in action 1 121. Foreclosure, application for order for 1 122. Application for foreclosure to be advertised 1 123. Discharge of mortgages and annuities 1 124. Mortgages etc. made before land brought under this Act 1 125. Entry of satisfaction of annuity 1 126. Payments under and discharge of mortgages when mortgagee absent from State etc. 1 127A. Subsequent mortgages or charges 1 128. Land brought under this Act subject to mortgage, rights of mortgagee etc. 1 128A. Another mortgagee may tender payment 1 Division 3A — Restrictive covenants and the modification, discharge and enforcement of restrictive covenants and easements 129A. Creation of restrictive covenants 1 129B. Discharge and modification of restrictive covenants 1 129BA. Restrictive covenants benefiting local governments and public authorities 1 129BB. Discharge and modification of s. 129BA covenants 1 129C. Supreme Court's powers as to easements etc. 1 Division 4 — Miscellaneous 130. Seal of corporation substitute for signature 1 131. Implied covenants and powers may be modified or negatived 1 133. Property (seizure and sale) order, registration of etc. 1 134. Purchaser from registered proprietor not required to inquire into title and not affected by notice of unregistered interest etc. 1 135. Transferee of tenant in tail may be registered for larger estate which tenant in tail can confer 1 136. Registrar to furnish plan showing land dealt with where memorandum on certificate does not describe the land 1 Part IVA — Creation of easements and restrictive covenants by notations on subdivision plans and diagrams 136A. Term used: plan 1 136B. Application of this Part 1 136C. Notation of easements on subdivision plans 1 136D. Notation of restrictive covenants on subdivision plans 1 136E. Consent of certain persons required to creation of easements and restrictive covenants 1 136F. When easements and restrictive covenants under this Part have effect 1 136G. Easements and restrictive covenants under this Part may be effective for specified term only 1 136H. Easements and restrictive covenants under this Part may both burden and benefit land of same proprietor 1 136I. Recordings in Register 1 136J. Discharge and modification of easements and restrictive covenants under this Part 1 Part V — Caveats 136K. Term used: section 138A caveat; application of this Part 1 137. Lodging caveats for land already under this Act 1 138. Consequences of lodging caveat 1 138A. Caveats to which s. 138B to 138D apply 1 138B. Requiring caveator to seek court order extending s. 138A caveat 1 138C. Supreme Court's powers on application by caveator 1 138D. Restrictions on caveators lodging further s. 138A caveats 1 139. Effect of caveats 1 140. Compensation for caveat lodged without reasonable cause 1 141. Registrar's duties when caveat lodged or lapses 1 141A. Requiring caveators to withdraw caveats or substantiate their claims 1 142. Caveat on behalf of beneficiary under will or settlement does not bar registration in certain cases 1 Part VI — Powers of attorney and attestation of instruments 143. Powers of attorney, creation and filing of 1 144. Powers of attorney, effect of 1 145. Signatures on documents, witnessing requirements 1 Part VII — Search certificates and stay orders 146. Finding out whether proprietor is free to deal with land 1 147. Person issued search certificate under s. 146 entitled to inspect certificate of title 1 148. Person proposing to deal with proprietor may obtain stay of registration for 48 hours if title is clear 1 149. Instrument effecting proposed dealing entitled to priority if lodged within 48 hour stay granted under s. 148 1 150. Other instruments received in the 48 hours to have usual priority if proposed dealing not lodged under s. 149 1 Part VIII — Surveys, plans, parcels and boundaries 151. Crown survey boundaries as marked on ground are true boundaries 1 152. Crown grant or lease conveys land within survey boundaries 1 153. Aliquot parts of Crown section having excess of area 1 153A. Land not in grant etc. but included in certificate due to error in survey may be deemed included in grant etc. 1 154. How boundaries may be proved in absence of survey marks 1 155. Margin of error allowed in description of boundaries 1 156. Commissioner may require special survey of land 1 157. Commissioner may require accuracy of survey to be verified 1 158. Commissioner may disregard minute errors of dimensions 1 159. Excess land may be apportioned between different owners or proprietors 1 160. Commissioner's powers where boundaries unclear in subdivision 1 161. Plan to be made of subdivision proposed under s. 160 1 162. Subdivision proposed under s. 160 to be advertised etc. 1 163. Finalised subdivision, verification and effect of plan of 1 164. Public notice to be given of finalised subdivision and plan 1 165. Expense of survey ordered under s. 160, how paid 1 166. New certificates of title on subdivision of land 1 166A. Subdivisions of Crown land 1 166B. Subsidiary certificates of Crown land title 1 167. Number of allotment on plan of subdivision sufficient description for purposes of dealing 1 167A. Rights of way generally not public ways or thoroughfares 1 168. Abuttals may be used in description of land in certificate 1 169. Objects which may constitute abuttals 1 Part IX — Amendment of certificates and amendment or replacement of graphics 169A. Only Minister for Lands may alter areas, boundaries or positions of parcels of Crown land 1 170. Proprietor may apply for amendment of certificate to make boundaries coincide with land occupied under certificate 1 171. Proprietor may apply to have other certificates amended where inconsistent with description of land in his certificate and occupied by him 1 172. Form of application under s. 170 or 171 1 173. How application under s. 170 or 171 to be dealt with 1 174. Notice of s. 170 or 171 application to be given to owners etc. of adjourning land affected by it 1 175. Notice of s. 170 or 171 application to be published and publicly displayed 1 176. Person opposing s. 170 or 171 application may lodge caveat 1 177. Applications under s. 170, 171 or 20 may be granted although other certificates may be affected 1 178. Certificate of title and relevant graphics may be amended or replaced on granting application 1 Part X — Special powers and duties of the Commissioner and Registrar 180. Commissioner may summons people to provide information 1 181A. Commissioner and Registrar may require supporting documentation or evidence or verification 1 181B. Commissioner and Registrar may require verification by statutory declaration 1 181. Regulations 1 182AA. Prescribed fees may exceed cost recovery 1 182AB. Expiry of s. 182AA 1 182A. Commissioner and Registrar may determine requirements 1 182B. Publication of requirements 1 182. Orders vesting trust estate 1 183. Commissioner may make vesting order in cases of completed purchase 1 184. Encumbrances which no longer affect title, powers to deal with 1 187. Appointment of executor, administrator or Public Trustee, entry on Register and effect 1 188. Powers of Registrar 1 189. Registrar may correct apparent errors in instruments without direction of Commissioner 1 190. Money received by Registrar 1 191. Registrar may demand prescribed fees 1 192A. Registrar entitled to assume that lodging party has certain authorities from other interested parties 1 192B. Registrar may refuse lodgment for non‑compliance with certain requirements 1 192C. Commissioner may refuse to take action if requirements not complied with 1 192D. Registrar may refuse registration, noting or recording for non‑compliance with requirements 1 192E. Notice of non‑compliance under s. 192D 1 192. Defective documents, rejection of 1 193. Power to state case for Supreme Court 1 Part XI — Restrictions on, and recovery of, payments of compensation by State 195. Moneys paid by State under s. 201 may be recovered 1 196. State not liable in certain cases 1 Part XII — Actions and other remedies 198. Officers not to be liable for acts done bona fide 1 199. Registered proprietor protected against ejectment except in certain cases 1 200. Court may direct cancellation of certificate or entry in Register in certain cases 1 201. Compensation of person deprived of land 1 202. Purchasers protected 1 203. Owner may require Commissioner or Registrar to substantiate decision before Supreme Court 1 204. Cost of summons and proceedings under s. 203 to be in discretion of court 1 205. Actions for damages may in some cases be brought against Registrar as nominal defendant 1 206. Actions for damages for loss due to inaccurate survey 1 207. Actions for damages in certain other cases 1 208. Claims for damages may be made to Commissioner before commencing court action 1 209. Notice of action to be served 1 210. Damages etc. awarded to be charged to Consolidated Account 1 211. Limitation of actions 1 212. Rules of Supreme Court to apply and same right of appeal as in ordinary actions 1 213. Obligation to make discovery not excluded 1 Part XIII — Offences 214. Offences 1 214A. Effect of fraud 1 Part XIV — Miscellaneous 219. Person entitled under will etc. may apply to be registered 1 220. Application under s. 219, how dealt with 1 221. Remainder‑man or reversioner may apply to be registered 1 222. Person claiming title under statute of limitations may apply to be registered 1 223. Application under s. 222, how dealt with 1 223A. Caveat against application 1 227. Survivor of joint proprietors may apply to be registered 1 228. Proprietors and transferees for time being to stand in place of previous owners 1 229. Proprietor's name, use of in court action by beneficiary etc. 1 229A. Easement not used or enjoyed for 20 years, removal of 1 229B. Orders made under s. 229A, effect of 1 230. On s. 20 applications, easements not used for 20 years or more may be omitted from certificate 1 231. Buildings on public roads etc. in Perth or Fremantle for 20 years or more 1 232B. Effect of using alternative means to provide consent, permission or approval 1 232. Receipt for documents lodged 1 233. Pending actions etc. not to affect dealings 1 234. Trustees etc. of bankrupts etc. may apply to be registered 1 235. Bankruptcy of proprietor not to affect dealings until s. 234 application or caveat lodged 1 236. Tenant in tail 1 237. Conditions of sale in Twenty‑sixth Schedule, adoption of 1 238. Forms may be modified 1 238A. Registrar's copy to be definitive 1 238B. Resubmission of document lodged electronically if data capture defective 1 239. Inspection of Register and related documents; obtaining copies and print‑outs 1 239B. Evidentiary documents as to current and historical matters 1 240. Service of notices 1 240A. Notification of change of address or way of receiving notices electronically 1 242. Interests disposed of or created by court order etc., registration of 1 243. Registrar may cancel certificate of title when land revested in Crown 1 Part XV — Transitional provisions for Electronic Conveyancing Act 2014 244. Term used: amending Act 1 245. Transitional provision for s. 52(2) 1 246. Transitional provision for s. 105(4) 1 247. Transitional provision for s. 182A (requirements) 1 Part 16 — Transitional provisions for Transfer of Land Amendment Act 2022 248. Transitional provision for duplicate certificates of title 1 249. Transitional provision for service of documents 1 First Schedule — Acts repealed Second Schedule — Application to bring land under Act Third Schedule — Notice to be posted on land Fourth Schedule — Application to be registered as proprietor by possession Ninth Schedule — Creation of rights of carriage‑way Tenth Schedule — Short and long forms of certain easements Twelfth Schedule — Short form of covenants by lessee Sixteenth Schedule — Short form of covenant by mortgagor to insure Nineteenth Schedule — Power of Attorney Twenty‑fourth Schedule — Form of application to amend certificate or amend or replace relevant graphic Twenty‑sixth Schedule — General conditions of sale Twenty‑eighth Schedule — Application to register Crown lease Notes Compilation table 1 Uncommenced provisions table 1 Other notes 1 Defined terms Western Australia Transfer of Land Act 1893 An Act to consolidate the law relating to the simplification of the title to and the dealing with estates in land. Part IA — Preliminary [Heading inserted: No. 19 of 2010 s. 43(2).] 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Transfer of Land Act 1893. [Section 1 inserted: No. 81 of 1996 s. 4.] 2. Repeals and savings (1) The Acts mentioned in the First Schedule to this Act to the extent to which the same are thereby expressed to be repealed are hereby repealed. (1A) Such repeal shall not affect any appointment (including those of specially licensed surveyors) declaration or any certified statement or list made or any application pending or any registration effected or any notice or certificate given or any memorandum entered or any caveat lodged or any seal prepared or any title estate interest claim right of dower or other right or power of attorney existing or duly acquired under the said Acts or any of them before the commencement of this Act. (2) In all cases where in any Act instrument order decree rule regulation or document whatsoever reference is made to The Transfer of Land Act 1874 or to any Act or provision hereby repealed such reference shall be construed and have effect as if the same reference was made to the corresponding provisions of this Act. [Section 2 amended: No. 19 of 2010 s. 51.] 3. Application of other laws etc. and this Act (1) All laws statutes Acts Ordinances rules regulations and practice whatsoever so far as inconsistent with this Act shall not apply or be deemed to apply to land whether Crown, freehold or leasehold which shall be under the operation of this Act. (2A) If a provision of this Act is inconsistent with a provision of the Electronic Conveyancing Act 2014, the provision of that Act prevails to the extent of the inconsistency. (2) This Act does not — (a) apply to the registration of rights over land in respect of minerals, petroleum, geothermal energy or geothermal energy resources; or (b) prevent or otherwise affect the system of registration under other Acts of mining, petroleum or geothermal energy rights in respect of land whether Crown, freehold or leasehold. (3) In subsection (2) — geothermal energy and geothermal energy resources have the same meanings as they have in the Petroleum and Geothermal Energy Resources Act 1967; mining, petroleum or geothermal energy rights has the same meaning as it has in the Land Administration Act 1997. (4) If a provision of this Act is inconsistent with a provision of the Strata Titles Act 1985 that relates to strata leases, the provision of that Act prevails to the extent of the inconsistency. [Section 3 amended: No. 31 of 1997 s. 88; No. 28 of 2003 s. 129(2); No. 35 of 2007 s. 106; No. 2 of 2014 s. 62; No. 30 of 2018 s. 194.] 4. Terms used; application of Act to Crown land (1) In the construction of this Act except where the subject or context or the other provisions hereof require a different construction — annuitant means the proprietor of an annuity or charge; annuity means a sum of money payable periodically and charged on land under the operation of this Act by an instrument hereunder; approved form, subject to section 81K, means a form approved by the Registrar of Titles; authorised land officer has the meaning given by the Land Administration Act 1997; Authority means the Western Australian Land Information Authority established by the Land Information Authority Act 2006 section 5; carbon covenant, carbon covenant form, carbon right and carbon right form have the same respective meanings as they have in the Carbon Rights Act 2003; certificate of Crown land title means certificate of Crown land title within the meaning of the Land Administration Act 1997; charge means — (a) the instrument creating and charging an annuity; or (b) subject to section 15(10) of the Land Administration Act 1997, a charge referred to in section 15(9)(b) of that Act; conveyancing transaction has the meaning given in the Electronic Conveyancing Act 2014 section 3(1); counterpart has the meaning given in subsection (1CA); Crown land has the same meaning as it has in the Land Administration Act 1997; Crown land lease means lease of Crown land registered under section 81Q; Crown lease means every lease or other holding of Crown lands under the Land Act 1898 1, or any regulation thereby repealed, granted for or extending over a period of 5 years or more; dealing, in relation to Crown land, has the same meaning as it has in the Land Administration Act 1997; digital signature has the meaning given in the Electronic Conveyancing Act 2014 section 3(1); digital title means a certificate of title in a medium in which the data comprising the certificate is stored and retrieved by digital means; digitally sign has the meaning given in the Electronic Conveyancing Act 2014 section 3(1); document means any record of information however recorded, and includes — (a) anything on which there is writing; or (b) anything on which there are marks, figures, symbols or perforations having a meaning for persons qualified to interpret them; or (c) anything from which sounds, images or writings can be reproduced with or without the aid of anything else; or (d) a map, plan, drawing or photograph; or (e) any record of information that exists in a digital form and is capable of being reproduced, transmitted, stored and duplicated by electronic means; ELN has the meaning given in the Electronic Conveyancing Act 2014 section 3(1); ELNO has the meaning given in the Electronic Conveyancing Act 2014 section 3(1); encumbrances includes all prior estates interests rights claims and demands which can or may be had made or set up in to upon or in respect of the land, and a dealing that is registered under this Act; endorsed includes anything written, noted or marked, by means approved by the Registrar of Titles, upon or in any document; Examiner of Titles means a person who is an Examiner of Titles under section 8(1); grant means the grant by Her Majesty of land in fee and also includes Crown leases; grantor means the proprietor of land charged with the payment of an annuity; graphic includes — (a) a sketch plan in the possession of the Registrar; (b) a plan or diagram lodged or deposited under this Act; (c) a plan of survey of Crown land, in such medium for the storage and retrieval of information or combination of such media as the Registrar approves; instrument includes — (a) a document for the conveyance, assignment, transfer, lease, sublease, mortgage or charge of freehold land; and (b) a document creating an easement, profit à prendre or restrictive covenant; and (c) a carbon right form, carbon covenant form or tree plantation agreement; and (d) a document for — (i) the transfer, mortgage or charge of a carbon right, carbon covenant, plantation interest or profit à prendre or for any other dealing in relation to a carbon right, carbon covenant, plantation interest or profit à prendre; or (ii) the extension of a carbon right, carbon covenant or plantation interest; or (iii) the variation of a carbon covenant or tree plantation agreement; or (iv) the surrender of a carbon right, carbon covenant or plantation interest; and (e) a document lodged with a plan or diagram under Part IVA for the purpose of creating an easement or restrictive covenant under that Part; and (f) any other document for a dealing in relation to Crown land; interest, in relation to Crown land, has the same meaning as it has in the Land Administration Act 1997; judge means a judge of the Supreme Court of Western Australia; land includes messuages, tenements and hereditaments corporeal or incorporeal in freehold and Crown land; and in every certificate of title certificate of Crown land title and qualified certificate of Crown land title transfer and lease created and registered or issued or made under this Act such word also includes all easements and appurtenances appertaining to the land therein described or reputed to be part thereof or appurtenant thereto; management body has the same meaning as it has in the Land Administration Act 1997; metropolitan region has the meaning given to that term in the Planning and Development Act 2005 section 4; Minister for Lands means the Minister as defined in the Land Administration Act 1997 section 3(1); ministerial order means an order made by the Minister for Lands under the Land Administration Act 1997; paper title means a certificate of title in a paper medium; participation rules has the meaning given in the Electronic Conveyancing Act 2014 section 3(1); person includes a corporation whether aggregate or sole; plantation interest has the same meaning as it has in the Tree Plantation Agreements Act 2003; profit à prendre, in relation to — (a) Crown land, has the same meaning as it has in the Land Administration Act 1997; or (b) other land, includes profit à prendre referred to in section 34B of the Conservation and Land Management Act 1984 or Part 7 of the Forest Products Act 2000; proprietor means — (a) in relation to freehold land, the owner, whether in possession, remainder, reversion or otherwise, of land or of a lease, mortgage or charge over land; or (aa) in relation to a carbon right, carbon covenant or plantation interest, a person; or (b) in relation to Crown land — (i) the holder of an interest in Crown land; or (ii) a management body empowered under the Land Administration Act 1997 to grant or enter into interests in Crown land or to deal with or create any other right or title of a proprietary nature in Crown land, whose name appears in the Register as the proprietor of that freehold land, lease, mortgage, charge, carbon right, carbon covenant or plantation interest, or the holder of that interest or power, and includes the donee of a power to appoint or dispose of that ownership, interest or power; public authority means — (a) a Minister of the Crown in right of the State; or (b) any State Government department, State trading concern, State instrumentality or State agency; or (c) any public statutory body, whether or not corporate, established under a written law but not including a local government; qualified certificate of Crown land title means qualified certificate of Crown land title within the meaning of the Land Administration Act 1997; qualified valuer means — (a) in relation to a certificate of the value of land that is produced to the Registrar pursuant to a requirement made by him before the expiration of 12 months from the coming into operation of the Land Valuers Licensing Act 1978 2 — (i) a person appointed as a swo