Commonwealth: Civil Dispute Resolution Act 2011 (Cth)

Civil Dispute Resolution Act 2011 No. 17, 2011 Compilation No. 4 Compilation date: 14 October 2024 Includes amendments: Act No. 39, 2024 About this compilation This compilation This is a compilation of the Civil Dispute Resolution Act 2011 that shows the text of the law as amended and in force on 14 October 2024 (the compilation date). The notes at the end of this compilation (the endnotes) include information about amending laws and the amendment history of provisions of the compiled law. Uncommenced amendments The effect of uncommenced amendments is not shown in the text of the compiled law. Any uncommenced amendments affecting the law are accessible on the Register (www.legislation.gov.au). The details of amendments made up to, but not commenced at, the compilation date are underlined in the endnotes. For more information on any uncommenced amendments, see the Register for the compiled law. Application, saving and transitional provisions for provisions and amendments If the operation of a provision or amendment of the compiled law is affected by an application, saving or transitional provision that is not included in this compilation, details are included in the endnotes. Editorial changes For more information about any editorial changes made in this compilation, see the endnotes. Modifications If the compiled law is modified by another law, the compiled law operates as modified but the modification does not amend the text of the law. Accordingly, this compilation does not show the text of the compiled law as modified. For more information on any modifications, see the Register for the compiled law. Self‑repealing provisions If a provision of the compiled law has been repealed in accordance with a provision of the law, details are included in the endnotes. Contents Part 1—Preliminary 1 Short title 2 Commencement 3 Object of Act 4 Genuine steps to resolve a dispute 5 Definitions Part 2—Obligation to take genuine steps to resolve disputes before proceedings are instituted 6 Genuine steps statement to be filed by applicant 7 Genuine steps statement to be filed by respondent 8 Genuine steps statements must comply with Rules of Court 9 Duty of lawyers to advise people of the requirements of this Act 10 Effect of requirements of this Part Part 3—Powers of court 11 Court may have regard to genuine steps requirements in exercising powers and performing functions 12 Exercising discretion to award costs 13 Powers are in addition to powers under other Acts Part 4—Exclusions 15 Proceedings of certain kinds are excluded proceedings 16 Proceedings under certain Acts are excluded proceedings 17 Proceedings prescribed by the regulations are excluded proceedings Part 5—Other matters 17A Act does not exclude or limit law relating to disclosure of information, etc. 18 Rules of Court 19 Regulations Endnotes Endnote 1—About the endnotes Endnote 2—Abbreviation key Endnote 3—Legislation history Endnote 4—Amendment history An Act relating to the resolution of civil disputes, and for related purposes Part 1—Preliminary 1 Short title This Act may be cited as the Civil Dispute Resolution Act 2011. 2 Commencement (1) Each provision of this Act specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms. Commencement information Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Provision(s) Commencement Date/Details 1. Part 1 and anything in this Act not elsewhere covered by this table The day this Act receives the Royal Assent. 12 April 2011 2. Parts 2 to 5 A single day to be fixed by Proclamation. 1 August 2011 However, if any of the provision(s) do not commence within the period of 6 months beginning on the day this Act receives the Royal Assent, they commence on the day after the end of that period. (see F2011L01408) Note: This table relates only to the provisions of this Act as originally enacted. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this Act. (2) Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this Act. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this Act. 3 Object of Act The object of this Act is to ensure that, as far as possible, people take genuine steps to resolve disputes before certain civil proceedings are instituted. 4 Genuine steps to resolve a dispute (1A) For the purposes of this Act, a person takes genuine steps to resolve a dispute if the steps taken by the person in relation to the dispute constitute a sincere and genuine attempt to resolve the dispute, having regard to the person's circumstances and the nature and circumstances of the dispute. (1) Examples of steps that could be taken by a person as part of taking genuine steps to resolve a dispute with another person, include the following: (a) notifying the other person of the issues that are, or may be, in dispute, and offering to discuss them, with a view to resolving the dispute; (b) responding appropriately to any such notification; (c) providing relevant information and documents to the other person to enable the other person to understand the issues involved and how the dispute might be resolved; (d) considering whether the dispute could be resolved by a process facilitated by another person, including an alternative dispute resolution process; (e) if such a process is agreed to: (i) agreeing on a particular person to facilitate the process; and (ii) attending the process; (f) if such a process is conducted but does not result in resolution of the dispute—considering a different process; (g) attempting to negotiate with the other person, with a view to resolving some or all the issues in dispute, or authorising a representative to do so. (2) Subsection (1) does not limit the steps that may constitute taking genuine steps to resolve a dispute. 5 Definitions In this Act: applicant in proceedings means a person who institutes the proceedings. application means an application (however described) by which civil proceedings are instituted. civil penalty provision means a civil penalty provision however described. Commonwealth authority means a body corporate established for a public purpose by or under a law of the Commonwealth. eligible court means the following: (a) the Federal Court of Australia; (b) the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2). excluded proceedings means proceedings that are excluded proceedings under Part 4. genuine steps statement: (a) for an applicant—see section 6; (b) for a respondent—see section 7. lawyer has the same meaning as in the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976. respondent in proceedings means a person against whom the proceedings are instituted. Part 2—Obligation to take genuine steps to resolve disputes before proceedings are instituted 6 Genuine steps statement to be filed by applicant (1) An applicant who institutes civil proceedings in an eligible court must file a genuine steps statement at the time of filing the application. (2) A genuine steps statement filed under subsection (1) must specify: (a) the steps that have been taken to try to resolve the issues in dispute between the applicant and the respondent in the proceedings; or (b) the reasons why no such steps were taken, which may relate to, but are not limited to the following: (i) the urgency of the proceedings; (ii) whether, and the extent to which, the safety or security of any person or property would have been compromised by taking such steps. (3) A genuine steps statement need not be filed under subsection (1) in relation to proceedings that are wholly excluded proceedings. (4) A genuine steps statement must be filed under subsection (1) in relation to proceedings that are in part excluded proceedings, but the statement need not relate to the parts of the proceedings that are excluded proceedings. 7 Genuine steps statement to be filed by respondent (1) A respondent in proceedings who is given a copy of a genuine steps statement filed by an applicant in the proceedings must file a genuine steps statement before the hearing date specified in the application. (2) A genuine steps statement filed under subsection (1) must: (a) state that the respondent agrees with the genuine steps statement filed by the applicant; or (b) if the respondent disagrees in whole or part with the genuine steps statement filed by the applicant—specify the respect in which, and reasons why, the respondent disagrees. 8 Genuine steps statements must comply with Rules of Court A genuine steps statement must comply with any additional requirements specified in the Rules of Court of the eligible court (see section 18) in which the statement is filed. 9 Duty of lawyers to advise people of the requirements of this Act A lawyer acting for a person who is required to file a genuine steps statement must: (a) advise the person of the requirement; and (b) assist the person to comply with the requirement. 10 Effect of requirements of this Part (1) The requirements of this Part are in addition to, and not instead of, requirements imposed by any other Act. (2) A failure to file a genuine steps statement in proceedings does not invalidate the application instituting the proceedings, a response to such an application or the proceedings. Part 3—Powers of court 11 Court may have regard to genuine steps requirements in exercising powers and performing functions An eligible court may, in performing functions or exercising powers in relation to civil proceedings before it, take account of the following: (a) whether a person who was required to file a genuine steps statement under Part 2 in the proceedings filed such a statement; (b) whether such a person took genuine steps to resolve the dispute. 12 Exercising discretion to award costs (1) In exercising a discretion to award costs in a civil proceeding in an eligible court, the court, Judge or other person exercising the discretion may take account of: (a) whether a person who was required to file a genuine steps statement under Part 2 in the proceedings filed such a statement; and (b) whether such a person took genuine steps to resolve the dispute. (2) In exercising a discretion to award costs in a civil proceeding in an eligible court, the court, Judge or other person exercising the discretion may take account of any failure by a lawyer to comply with the duty imposed by section 9. (3) If a lawyer is ordered to bear costs personally because of a failure to comply with section 9, the lawyer must not recover the costs from the lawyer's client. 13 Powers are in addition to powers under other Acts The powers conferred on an eligible court under this Part are in addition to any other powers of the court, whether conferred by this Act or otherwise. Part 4—Exclusions 15 Proceedings of certain kinds are excluded proceedings Proceedings are excluded proceedings to the extent that they are any of the following: (a) proceedings for an order imposing a pecuniary penalty for a contravention of a civil penalty provision; (b) proceedings brought by or on behalf of the Commonwealth or a Commonwealth authority for an order connected with: (i) a criminal offence or the possible commission of a criminal offence; or (ii) a contravention or possible contravention of a civil penalty provision; (c) proceedings that relate to a decision of, or a decision that has been subject to review by: (i) the Administrative Review Tribunal; (ii) the Australian Competition Tribunal; (iii) the Copyright Tribunal of Australia; (vii) the Veterans' Review Board; (viii) a body prescribed by the regulations; (d) proceedings in the appellate jurisdiction of an eligible court; (e) proceedings arising from the exercise of a power to compel a person to answer questions, produce documents or appear before a person or body under a law of the Commonwealth; (f) proceedings in relation to the exercise of a power to issue a warrant, or the exercise of a power under a warrant; (g) proceedings that are, or relate to, proceedings in which the applicant or the respondent has been declared a vexatious litigant under a law relating to vexatious litigants (however described); (h) ex parte proceedings; (i) proceedings to enforce an enforceable undertaking. 16 Proceedings under certain Acts are excluded proceedings (1) Proceedings are also excluded proceedings to the extent that they are proceedings under, or under regulations made under, any of the following Acts: (a) the Australian Citizenship Act 2007; (b) the Child Support (Registration and Collection) Act 1988; (c) the Fair Work Act 2009; (d) the Fair Work (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 2009; (e) the Family Law Act 1975; (f) the Migration Act 1958; (g) the National Security Information (Criminal and Civil Proceedings) Act 2004; (h) the Native Title Act 1993; (i) the Proceeds of Crime Act 1987; (j) the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002. (2) Proceedings are also excluded proceedings to the extent that they are: (a) proceedings falling within the original or appellate jurisdiction of the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 1) (see Part 2 of Chapter 3 of the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia Act 2021); or (b) proceedings falling within the original jurisdiction of the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2) under section 132 of that Act. 17 Proceedings prescribed by the regulations are excluded proceedings (1) Proceedings are excluded proceedings to the extent that they are proceedings prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this subsection. (2) Regulations made for the purposes of subsection (1) may specify proceedings in any way including, but not limited to, by reference to the following: (a) the nature of the proceedings; (b) the subject matter of the proceedings; (c) the Act or regulations, or provision of an Act or regulations, under which the proceedings arise. Part 5—Other matters 17A Act does not exclude or limit law relating to disclosure of information, etc. To avoid doubt, this Act does not exclude or limit the operation of a law of the Commonwealth, a law of a State or Territory, or the common law (including the rules of equity), relating to the use or disclosure of information, the production of documents or the admissibility of evidence. 18 Rules of Court Rules of Court made under the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 or Chapter 4 of the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia Act 2021 may make provision for or in relation to the following: (a) the form of genuine steps statements; (b) the matters that are to be specified in genuine steps statements; (c) time limits relating to the provision of copies of genuine steps statements. 19 Regulations The Governor‑General may make regulations prescribing matters: (a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed; or (b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act. Endnotes Endnote 1—About the endnotes The endnotes provide information about this compilation and the compiled law. The following endnotes are included in every compilation: Endnote 1—About the endnotes Endnote 2—Abbreviation key Endnote 3—Legislation history Endnote 4—Amendment history Abbreviation key—Endnote 2 The abbreviation key sets out abbreviations that may be used in the endnotes. Legislation history and amendment history—Endnotes 3 and 4 Amending laws are annotated in the legislation history and amendment history. The legislation history in endnote 3 provides information about each law that has amended (or will amend) the compiled law. The information includes commencement details for amending laws and details of any application, saving or transitional provisions that are not included in this compilation. The amendment history in endnote 4 provides information about amendments at the provision (generally section or equivalent) level. It also includes information about any provision of the compiled law that has been repealed in accordance with a provision of the law. Editorial changes The Legislation Act 2003 authorises First Parliamentary Counsel to make editorial and presentational changes to a compiled law in preparing a compilation of the law for registration. The changes must not change the effect of the law. Editorial changes take effect from the compilation registration date. If the compilation includes editorial changes, the endnotes include a brief outline of the changes in general terms. Full details of any changes can be obtained from the Office of Parliamentary Counsel. Misdescribed amendments A misdescribed amendment is an amendment that does not accurately describe how an amendment is to be made. If, despite the misdescription, the amendment can be given effect as intended, then the misdescribed amendment can be incorporated through an editorial change made under section 15V of the Legislation Act 2003. If a misdescribed amendment cannot be given effect as intended, the amendment is not incorporated and "(md not incorp)" is added to the amendment history. Endnote 2—Abbreviation key ad = added or inserted o = order(s) am = amended Ord = Ordinance amdt = amendment orig = original c = clause(s) par = paragraph(s)/subparagraph(s) C[x] = Compilation No. x /sub‑subparagraph(s) Ch = Chapter(s) pres = present def = definition(s) prev = previous Dict = Dictionary (prev…) = previously disallowed = disallowed by Parliament Pt = Part(s) Div = Division(s) r = regulation(s)/rule(s) ed = editorial change reloc = relocated exp = expires/expired or ceases/ceased to have renum = renumbered effect rep = repealed F = Federal Register of Legislation rs = repealed and substituted gaz = gazette s = section(s)/subsection(s) LA = Legislation Act 2003 Sch = Schedule(s) LIA = Legislative Instruments Act 2003 Sdiv = Subdivision(s) (md) = misdescribed amendment can be given SLI = Select Legislative Instrument effect SR = Statutory Rules (md not incorp) = misdescribed amendment Sub‑Ch = Sub‑Chapter(s) cannot be given effect SubPt = Subpart(s) mod = modified/modification underlining = whole or part not No. = Number(s) commenced or to be commenced Endnote 3—Legislation history Act Number and year Assent Commencement Application, saving and transitional provisions Civil Dispute Resolution Act 2011 17, 2011 12 Apr 2011 s 6–19: 1 Aug 2011 (s 2(1) item 2) Remainder: 12 Apr 2011 (s 2(1) item 1) Federal Circuit Court of Australia (Consequential Amendments) Act 2013 13, 2013 14 Mar 2013 Sch 1 (items 79–81): 12 Apr 2013 (s 2(1) item 2) — Tribunals Amalgamation Act 2015 60, 2015 26 May 2015 Sch 8 (item 14) and Sch 9: 1 July 2015 (s 2(1) items 19, 22) Sch 9 Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Act 2021 13, 2021 1 Mar 2021 Sch 2 (items 184–187): 1 Sept 2021 (s 2(1) item 5) — Administrative Review Tribunal (Consequential and Transitional Provisions No. 2) Act 2024 39, 2024 31 May 2024 Sch 2 (item 37): 14 Oct 2024 (s 2(1) item 2) — Endnote 4—Amendment history Provision affected How affected Part 1 s 5..................... am No 13, 2013; No 13, 2021 Part 3 s 12.................... am No 13, 2013 Part 4 s 15.................... am No 60, 2015; No 39, 2024 s 16.................... am No 13, 2021 Part 5 s 18.................... am No 13, 2013; No 13, 2021